Digital infrastructures: interoperability is a resilience policy, not a power strategy

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This article argues that interoperability is useful for resilience but not enough to create true strategic power. It focuses on European cloud sovereignty, market competition, and the geopolitical risks of relying on dominant foreign hyperscalers. The piece says regulation and standards can reduce lock-in, but they cannot eliminate dependence on servers, semiconductors, energy, or extraterritorial laws. It also warns that interoperability can entrench existing cloud leaders if Europe accepts foreign standards without building its own industrial base. The main message is that Europe needs both practical interoperability and a longer-term autonomy strategy.

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