Italian industrial policy, why incentives are not enough

▤ Summary

The article examines Italy's industrial policy and questions why large incentive programs have not delivered stronger productivity gains. It argues that tax credits, guarantees, and subsidies alone are not enough when capital, skills, and organizational capabilities remain poorly integrated. The discussion points to limited results from Transizione 4.0 and technology investment measures. It frames innovation policy as a broader competitiveness issue rather than a simple funding problem.

▦ Linked Companies