HTTP caching

▤ Summary

This article explains how HTTP caching works and why it matters for web performance and server load. It covers private and shared caches, proxy caches, and managed caches such as CDNs and service workers. It also describes freshness, stale responses, validation with ETag and Last-Modified, and how directives like no-cache, no-store, private, and immutable change behavior. The article closes with practical guidance on cache busting and on using cache headers for HTML, JavaScript, CSS, and API responses.

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