Software 3.0 is powered by LLMs, prompts, and vibe coding - what you need know

▤ Summary

Andrej Karpathy argues that LLMs are best understood as a new kind of operating system for software. He compares today’s LLM ecosystems to past computing eras, noting the mix of closed and open-source providers and the high infrastructure cost that keeps them cloud-centered. He also says a general GUI for LLMs has not yet emerged, so text-based interaction still feels like using a terminal. The piece frames Software 3.0 as a new programming paradigm built around prompts in natural language, alongside traditional code and neural networks. It concludes that software development is shifting toward interactive machine dialogue and opening new application opportunities.

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